When the Efficient Market Theory (EMT) emerged in the 1970s it horrified the fundamental fund managers, and disturbed the chartists. But the chartists should have been much more positive in their immediate reaction, since they had been saying since the nineteenth century that all the views of investors were in the share price – just what, at first glance, the EMT people were now claiming – with scientific back-up. But there was a difference. The proponents of the EMT held that the result was PERFECT pricing – 100% efficiency, for shares in large informed markets. The chartists claimed rather that the markets also reflected the emotions and foolishness of investors which could from time to time over-ride reality. David will discuss the middle ground in the EMT debate and why charting is important in the investment process.